What are T-Shaped Skills and Why are They Important?

What are T-Shaped Skills and Why are They Important?

Do you know what T-Shaped skills are? And what are the T-shaped skills you possess? As you know, some companies may hire professionals based on their personality type or specialized competencies. Understanding what T-shaped skills are might help you recognize them and include them on your resume.

Through this article, we will teach you all about T-shaped skills. What are T-shaped skills? What’s the significance of them? Why should you include your T-shaped skills on your CV? How do you properly include them on your CV? Find out the answers to all these questions by scrolling through this post.

What are T-shaped skills?

T-shaped talents are characteristics and attributes possessed by particular experts that make them valuable to a business. Individuals who possess these abilities often have in-depth knowledge and competence in certain areas linked to their professional performance and success.

Companies actively recruiting people with T-shaped abilities are aware of three distinct categories of workers:

  • Those with T-shaped abilities
  • Those with I-shaped talents
  • Professionals with X-shaped abilities

Businesses often want people with T-shaped talents out of these three alternatives. This breakdown of employee types was popularized by David Guest and IDEO CEO Tim Brown, who first used it at McKinsey & Company. Many firms and recruiters now use it to examine and appraise prospects.

The T-shape represents an individual’s capabilities, with the vertical line reflecting competence, discipline, and understanding of a certain sector and the horizontal line signifying cross-disciplinary competencies and the ability to interact with professionals from various industries or jobs.

Why should you acquire T-shaped skills?

People with T-shaped skills can transcend the constraints of specific knowledge and are eager to expand their expertise through ongoing education. The traditional training of being an expert in a given topic, while very valuable in domains where a strong dose of specialized knowledge is required, is actually restricting in approaching future professions. And in particular, professional figures developing as a result of the vast digital transformation process that is currently ongoing.

Why should you add T-shaped skills to your resume?

T-shaped talents are critical to include on your resume because many businesses prefer applicants who have a T-shaped personality and work style. Therefore, this implies that including them on your resume may help you catch the eye of a hiring manager and show why you’re the best candidate for a position. So what are the advantages of including these skills in your CV or resume? Let’s discuss that.

1. Showcasing your range of skills

Employees with T-shaped skills have a deep mastery of a certain function or field as well as a broad variety of cross-discipline competencies. Including them on your resume can demonstrate that you are well-versed in a given business as well as skilled in a variety of other areas, adding value to the firm.

T-Shaped Skills - Show Your Skills

2. Illustrating your ability to collaborate and communicate

Professionals with T-shaped skills possess the ability to clearly communicate their ideas. They are also usually comfortable collaborating with their co-workers and other professionals to work on projects or achieve goals. It shows that they can understand how other professionals approach their particular roles and how to encourage them.

Highlighting your hard and soft skills: T-shaped professionals usually have a wide range of soft and hard skills. If you have this ability, it means you can apply it to your prospective role and be a valuable asset to a company. While you may have technical skills such as computer programming, you may also have soft skills such as organization and time management.

The way to include T-shaped skills in your CV or resume

Let’s discuss the steps you can take when including T-shaped skills in your resume to showcase various strengths of yours:

1. Consider your area of expertise

As a candidate with T-shaped skills, you’re both a generalist and a specialist, which means you’re likely to be an expert in one subject and a generalist in another. To include T-shaped talents on your resume, start with the area or areas in which you are a specialist, and then think about the hard or technical abilities that showcase your strengths. For instance, if you’re a graphic designer, this may refer to design programs you’re familiar with or approaches you generally apply to complete a good job for your business or customer.

Make sure the area of expertise you concentrate on is directly related to your potential career and may help you showcase why you’re the best candidate for the job.

2. Focus on your interests and abilities

To demonstrate that you are a T-shaped professional, you must include capabilities other than your major area of competence. Consider making a list of your abilities and interests, as well as the transferrable skills you’ve gained as a result of them.

Let’s assume that you’re a copywriter who is also knowledgeable in numerous coding languages and has technological abilities. T-shaped skills may help you stand out from the crowd and show your capability to write on different themes and topics. This can also help you demonstrate that you’re a fascinating individual who is eager to interact with and learn from pros in various industries or jobs.

3. Include hard and soft skills

After reviewing your experience and talents, you may include both hard and soft skills on your CV. Consider concentrating on the hard skills and technical knowledge that your prospective employer is seeking in a candidate to demonstrate to a hiring manager that you are equipped for the role’s duties.

Consider talents that not only match the position but also highlight who you are as a person or professional and what may set you apart from other candidates when explaining your soft skills. This not only allows you to demonstrate that you understand the position’s requirements, but it also allows you to highlight what makes you distinctive and fascinating.

Hard Skills VS Soft Skills

4. Proofread and double-check the skills section

Proofread your writing and make any necessary modifications after you’ve included your hard, soft, and industry-related abilities on your resume. Submitting error-free application materials might help you demonstrate your attention to detail and your commitment to the role. Consider asking a friend or mentor in the same field to review the abilities you’ve listed.

They may be able to recommend additional qualities to include or assist you in refining the competencies you include to ensure that they are all relevant to your potential career.

T-shaped skill examples

To clearly discuss T-shaped skills, it’s best to incorporate some examples. This can help you understand T-shaped skills better. So scroll through to find out some examples to help guide you as you add t-shaped skills to your resume.

1. T-shaped skills for a graphic designer’s resume

List of skills: Storyboard creation, mastery of color theory and competition, logo creation, spacing, and layout; familiarity with Adobe Creative Suite, including Photoshop and Acrobat; effective verbal communication and public speaking; strong time management skills; good work ethic.

2. T-shaped skills for a computer programmer’s resume

List of skills: Proficiency with programming languages such as C++ and Python; end-user orientation; expert knowledge of operating systems; problem-solving and analysis; written communication; aptitude for mathematics; critical thinking; effective networking skills; self-confidence;

3. T-shaped skills for a business administrator’s resume

List of skills: active listening, interpersonal communication, public speaking, critical thinking, leadership, strong time management skills, problem-solving and task prioritization, familiarity with basic computer programming languages such as Python

T-Shaped Skills in the workplace

Companies understand the value of having staff with a diverse set of skills and knowledge. T-shaped people are more versatile, imaginative, and capable of collaborating effectively with colleagues from many disciplines. These abilities are necessary for forming a cohesive and productive team. Leaders with these qualities may effectively manage teams and generate innovation in their organizations.

T-Shaped Skills VS V-Shaped Skills

1. Skills in Team Building

T-shaped talents are vital to team building and forming a cohesive and effective team. Employees with these preferred qualities can successfully communicate, exchange knowledge and experience, and collaborate toward a common goal. Teams can produce greater results and handle complicated challenges more efficiently by exploiting each other’s talents and working together.

2. Skills in Leadership

T-shaped leaders excel at managing teams and fostering innovation in their enterprises. They have a thorough awareness of their sector and a diverse set of talents that enable them to effectively connect with personnel from many departments, uncover new opportunities, and make strategic decisions.

3. Skills in Career Development

T-shaped skill development can result in substantial career opportunities and advancement. People who possess these abilities are more likely to be given consideration for promotions and leadership positions and can work in a variety of positions and industries. Additionally, by allowing people to use their knowledge and expertise in novel and difficult ways, the development of these skills can improve job satisfaction.

Why are T-shaped Skills essential in the modern workplace?

T-shaped abilities are more important in the modern workplace. And this is because employers recognize the value of having employees who can adapt to changing surroundings and collaborate with colleagues from various departments. Individuals with T-shaped skills can communicate effectively, exchange knowledge and expertise, and collaborate toward a common objective.

Individuals with T-shaped capabilities are better able to excel in their jobs and make a big difference in their businesses in today’s fast-paced and continuously shifting world.

Wrapping up

To summarize, T-shaped skills are a valuable blend of strong experience in a certain topic and a broad set of skills that allow individuals to work across other disciplines. Because of the requirements for versatility, teamwork, innovation, and career advancement, these talents are becoming increasingly vital in the modern workplace.

Developing these talents entails making a concerted effort to broaden one’s knowledge and ability in a variety of subjects while maintaining a thorough understanding of a given area. These qualities are critical for creating a cohesive and effective team and promoting organizational innovation in team building and leadership. In today’s fast-paced and ever-changing corporate world, developing T-shaped skills is the ultimate career booster.

Individuals with these talents can flourish in their professions, promote innovation, and create value for their businesses by holding a unique blend of specialized knowledge and the ability to work effectively across many areas. So, start honing these skills immediately and propel your career forward!

App About Apple Vision Pro

Everything to Know About Apple’s New Vision Pro Headset

We finally got the first glimpse of the Apple Vision Pro, one of the most anticipated launches in recent times. Right after the long-awaited first announcement of the XR headset, the Vision Pro, it became a hot topic. Apart from all the speculation and details, there’s quite a lot of buzz around the price of the advanced, technology-packed, and stylish Vision Pro headset. Nevertheless, there’s speculation that this hardware is able to single-handedly change the game in the VR and AR headset markets.

Being true to its tradition, Apple keeps most information to itself until the last minute. But there are a lot of features and other details we know about. Through this post, we’ll let you know all you need to know about Apple Vision Pro. Find out answers to your questions, including when it is going to be released, the price, specs, and more.

Apple Vision Pro: Setting a new standard for XR headsets

The Apple Reality Pro is about to set a new bar for AR, VR, and the all-inclusive term XR. The company has taken the most popular features from the best VR headsets and incorporated them seamlessly into this product. For instance, it enables you to create virtual screens surrounding your Mac. Plus, with this, you can conveniently make FaceTime calls and work on your emails from the comfort of your couch.

Of course, if the Reality Pro’s only feature is tight Apple integration, even early adopters may be put off by the expensive price. Apple, on the other hand, took measures to (arguably) justify the price point, equipping its XR headset with truly groundbreaking features.

All About Apple Vision Pro: Top features of the Apple Vision Pro

Apple Vision Pro Features

1. Intuitive control

As you know, most VR headsets need controllers, which isn’t the case with the Vision Pro. The Vision Pro allows you to use it entirely with your hands. Apple has yet to reveal all about the product’s features. However, it seems that gripping objects with your hands, flicking and tapping your fingers, and tracing using your index finger are all sufficient to initiate tasks and interact with visionOS.


With Apple making hand interaction the main input method, every VisionOS App Store programme needs to be compatible with it.

All About Apple Vision Pro - Retina Scan

The Vision Pro uses a retina scan, which is called the Optic ID system, a new secure authentication system that examines your iris under different invisible LED light exposures and compares it to the enrolled Optic ID data safeguarded by the Secure Enclave to unlock the Apple Vision Pro right away. Apple assures that the Optic ID data is entirely encrypted, inaccessible to apps, and doesn’t leave your device, implying that it is not saved on Apple servers.

When it comes to gaming, you need more than your hands. That’s why Apple allows game controllers to be used for fast and responsive control.

2. Your own private theater

Apple boasts that the headset delivers a view comparable to a 100-foot-wide screen. This gives you a private theater for movies, TV shows, athletic events, and more, thanks to the inbuilt spatial audio. Apple TV+ will, of course, be available on the Vision Pro.


Apple’s Vision Pro has significantly superior visual quality than competitors, with 4K resolution for each eye and a total of 23 million pixels packed into the two displays. This is more than double the resolution of Meta’s top VR headset and even outperforms the Varjo Aero’s amazing 2880-by-2720 pixel-per-eye resolution.

So far, Apple hasn’t announced much regarding the display brightness or colour space. Although they didn’t go into detail, the company claimed the Vion Pro to have brilliant colour, spectacular detail, and a high dynamic range. Their introduction had someone utilizing the professional image editor Adobe Lightroom in Vision Pro. 

With this detail, we can gather how beneficial the Vision Pro is for photographers, videographers, and graphic designers. It implies that they can use Vision Pro instead of a monitor while still being certain that the image quality will be perfect on traditional flat screens. For the time being, the colour fidelity is yet to be known.

3. Spatial recording

As you know, Apple has some of the best mobile camera technologies on the market. Thankfully, their all-in-one headgear also includes photography and video. The Vision Pro can take spatial images and films by simply pressing a button on the headset’s top. With a realistic depth effect, these spatial experiences can be relived within the device.

4. Vision Pro apps

Apple’s Vision Pro, like your iPhone, features a home screen with apps. You can view the time and date, check the weather, and view alerts just like on any other Apple device.

Apple also inserted many of the primary apps into the Vision Pro. This means that as an iPhone, iPad, and Mac user, you can put on the headset and see familiar symbols and themes. Safari, photos, music, messages, and other features are available. You have the choice to use voice input and a floating keyboard to enter text by using only the Vision Pro. Alternatively, if you want more productivity, you can connect it to an Apple Magic Keyboard and Trackpad.

We can agree that it’s a wonderful place to start. However, because the Vision Pro is a totally new product category for Apple, it will not have the same extensive library of native third-party programmes as a Mac or an iPhone. The Meta’s Quest 2 and Pro headsets feature an extensive game catalog. Plus, this platform has been active since 2019, picking up where the Oculus Rift left off. This is where applications for the iPad and iPhone come in.

5. iPad apps

Apple’s developers were working on Vision Pro apps before their introduction. However, it will still take a while to create brand-new games and bring existing content to this new platform. Meanwhile, Apple is filling the void with iPad applications, most notably the recently launched Final Cut Pro and Logic Pro.

The Apple Vision Pro is capable of running iPad apps. This will increase its potential before immersive apps are available. The headset is as quick as an iPad Pro since it is powered by a high-performance M2 processor. The new 15-inch MacBook Air and other Macs are powered by the same processor.

iPad Apps on Apple Vision Pro

With the Apple Vision Pro, you can pick up where you left off with your iPhone, Mac, or iPad, multitasking with numerous apps on the side or concentrating on just one.

6. Mixed reality

Unlike the Meta Quest Pro’s passthrough and other VR headsets’ obvious visual defects, Apple’s mixed reality picture of your actual surroundings is practically identical to what you’d see without the headset on. This is due to higher-quality cameras and more computing power, which allow the produced pictures to be aligned quickly and precisely.

The digital crown on the Vision Pro, which resembles the one on the Apple Watch, enables a quick switch between immersive vision and viewing your room. For instance, suppose someone is approaching you. In this scenario, the display will disclose them, and they will also be able to see you.

According to Apple’s Vision Pro introduction video, graphics processing has enough power to generate objects that seem nearly as large as the desk you’re sitting at! It’s safe to say this feature is going to bring us the alternate reality we’ve been hoping for.

7. Gaming

Apple’s Vision Pro incorporates Apple Metal 3 technology on an M2 chip to provide excellent gaming performance. Of course, the challenge is acquiring enough content on this platform to effectively compete with existing VR headsets that have created libraries over time.

Apple Metal

Apple Arcade will launch with over 100 games drawn from the iPad library, but it won’t be enough to entice gamers to purchase Apple’s powerful but gaming-limited tablet.

Apple announced an exciting relationship with Disney, but meeting the demand for gaming that makes use of the Vision Pro’s immersive capabilities, super-high resolution, and unique features may take some time.

8. Eyes front and center

Apple placed a display on the outside of the Vison Pro headset, so your eyes are still visible even when wearing the device. Although the view seems quite dark, it’s still convincing. This is the feature that arguably caused so much stir regarding the Vision Pro headset.

Several Meta prototypes have been around with a similar design called reverse passthrough, none of which can be compared to this, though. Apple’s implementation is far better. The intended experience is to feel as if the user is wearing ski goggles.

9. Hardware

The Vision Pro headset is packed with cutting-edge technology. Obviously, it is intended to be an extremely expensive tool, practically unaffordable to most. There were also rumors that the company was aware that this device wasn’t for the average customer. Instead, it is intended for early adopters, developers, and organizations that can afford the cost.

The Apple Vision Pros was created to be a high-performance device with the same computational power as a MacBook Air, thanks to an M2 and a new R1 processor. To replicate this fast performance in VR, you’d have to connect to a PC with a powerful discrete GPU.

The company did not go into detail about battery life at its presentation. However, it was quietly disclosed that it is only about 2 hours. Because the headset is powered by an external battery pack, a wire connection is necessary. It was also revealed that a much less expensive Apple XR headset is already in the works to advance Apple’s plan for an augmented reality future.

All about Apple Vision Pro: Availability

The powerful, new XR headset is to be available in global markets but will first be available in the United States in early 2024. According to Apple, the product will be available in other countries later next year.

The price of the Apple Vision Pro

The Apple Vision Pro costs $3,499, which is over $2.5 grand more than the product’s closest rival, the Meta Quest Pro or HTX Vive XR Elite! The period between now and the headset’s release apparently allows Apple’s partnered developers (who will have attended the WDC keynote) to create more content for it too.

Wrapping up

The Apple Vision Pro has been heavily speculated about for years. Through this post, we discussed all we know so far, including the price, features, and more. So far, the overall initial impressions from hands-on testing sessions have been good. But it remains to be seen what kind of market this headset will land itself in.

With the closest competitors at around $1,000, Apple’s offering is clearly setting itself apart right away. There are lots more details yet to come about this product. As always, we’ll be keeping a careful eye on the news, so check back here for updated information as it becomes available. 

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Best Practices for Protecting Your Privacy While Browsing the Internet

Best Practices for Protecting Your Privacy While Browsing the Internet

What are the best practices for protecting your privacy while browsing the Internet, and why should you pay attention to them? Keeping your personal data safe requires you to take precautions while using the internet. And all it takes is some simple adjustments to your electronics and profiles. Your data can remain secure from unauthorized access by being encrypted. To add to that, you may prevent your information from being shared with others who don’t have your permission to do so.

The first steps are simple. In order to keep your personal information and yourself safe when using the internet, here we discuss some basic adjustments you may make.

What is online safety and privacy, and why is it important?

Internet privacy refers to protecting your personal information while using the internet. It is an essential aspect of online security that involves safeguarding your personal information from unauthorized access or misuse while browsing the internet. It is a fundamental right that every internet user should be aware of and take the necessary measures to ensure their online safety.

Online privacy is the degree to which one’s own online activities and transactions are shielded from prying eyes. The increasing exposure of sensitive information, such as browsing habits, is a major cause for concern. As the following graphic illustrates, consumers are still cautious about fully trusting businesses with their personal data:

The percentage of people trusting companies with their privacy

With the ever-increasing number of data breaches, it’s no wonder why many people look for the best practices for protecting privacy while browsing the Internet. For instance, as of September 2021, the total number of reported data breaches in the United States was 17% higher than in all of 2020. Many individuals don’t give privacy on the internet enough thought. However, people should be conscious of the fact that their browsing habits reveal a great deal about them.

What, then, are some of the potential privacy problems you may encounter? And how can you safely disclose sensitive information online? 

Why is online privacy important?

When you think about what personal information you’re willing to share with strangers and what you’re not, digital privacy becomes evident. No one wants their medical history, financial transactions, or even the contents of their shopping carts to be made public. 


You can limit who can see your posts on social media and keep some information under wraps by making your profile private. But it’s hard to tell what social media sites do with the information you provide them. And what about the rest of your digital footprint—your searches, your purchases, your emails?

A human right to data privacy is the “right to be forgotten”

You have the “right to be forgotten,” which means you may demand that businesses erase and hand over any personal data they have on you. It encompasses third-party talks and internet chitchat. Many have taken legal action to have their identities and images removed from “revenge porn,” as well as from search engine results relating to such content.

Some people have asked that their embarrassing histories be removed from the internet. Examples include news of minor crimes and humiliating viral stories.

One may argue that people who want to bury their past transgressions and reclaim their anonymity would benefit from the right to be forgotten. Opponents of this view, which happen to include several major players in the IT industry, see it as a kind of censorship and a revision of the past as a whole.


The best practices to protect your privacy while online

1. Switch to a search engine that offers a higher level of protection

The majority of people have a preferred web browser, and they stick with it regardless of whether or not they need to. However, there is no assurance that your option provides enough protection.

There isn’t always a simple solution, even for consumers who prioritize security. Before making the jump to a new browser, it’s a good idea to learn as much as you can about its security features and user feedback. Running many browsers at once might be a memory hog. However, it’s a great way to test out different browsers before settling on a favorite.

Choose a browser that allows for private surfing if you’re worried about being tracked or losing control of your data.

2. Be cautious about how much private information you disclose on social media

Are you looking for an insightful method of keeping your internet activities secret? Then keep your social media sharing to a minimum. When you share too much personal information on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, you increase the risk of identity theft. By doing so, you also run the risk of financial data breaches caused by hackers.

Is it possible for an identity thief to learn personal information about you? For example, they may get to know your mother’s maiden name by snooping around on your Facebook account. Financial institution password reset security questions often include this data.

Best Practices for Protecting Your Privacy While Browsing the Internet and on Social Media

Don’t fill up the “About Me” sections of your social media pages if you value your privacy. If you don’t want to make yourself a more obvious target for identity theft, you don’t have to tell everyone when or where you were born. Try out the many privacy options available. You may wish to restrict access to your postings to those you’ve invited.

3. Ensure your browser has private mode

One of the most useful and often used forms of browser protection is incognito mode. Using this function reduces the amount of information collected about your browsing habits. Microsoft Edge’s InPrivate mode and Google Chrome’s Incognito mode are just two of several browsers that provide comparable privacy protections. We recommend using a private browser because:

  • Clears the browser’s cache of your recent visits.
  • Removes all session cookies from your browser’s cache.

One of the best ways to protect your information from theft is to not let anyone keep tabs on it. Imagine someone either physically taking your computer or gaining access to it secretly. After that, fraudsters may possibly access your bank accounts or steal sensitive personal information from your browsing history.


4. Remove any browser add-ons or mobile applications you don’t use

You should treat every app with suspicion if you care about your privacy and security. A smaller number of accounts will reduce your exposure to fraud. First, try not to create too many new accounts. Stick to legitimate app stores and other known, reliable download sources. The next logical question is, “How does this app make money?” You can use this simple tip to find applications that respect your privacy.

You can often find the answer to the question of how an app generates money by analyzing its user statistics. If you’re not using an app anymore, get rid of it. Get rid of all the programs and add-ons for your computer and mobile devices that you never use. It’s also the responsibility of businesses to use reputable app developers to have apps developed for their customers’ use.

Apps with hidden features may continue running even if you haven’t opened them in a while. It came to light that the code in eight widely used Chrome and Firefox extensions was capable of monitoring all browser activities. Data from firms like Tesla and Apple, as well as sensitive tax returns and medical information that may be used to commit medical identity fraud, were compromised.

5. Protecting your privacy while browsing: Beware of phishing

It’s important to remember that not all threats to our security are the result of malicious software or covert hacking attempts. The practice of tricking us into divulging sensitive information, such as passwords, is widespread.

These efforts might be made through a phone call, text message, or email. Typically, their goal is to get sensitive information, such as your login credentials or Social Security number. However, there are usually red flags that indicate the communication is not genuine. Examine the email for any obvious red flags, such as misspelled words, broken links, or an unusual email address.

Beaware of Phishing Scams

If anything doesn’t seem right, it might be phishing.

6. Use free Wi-Fi with extreme prudence

Does it really harm anybody to do a little online shopping? Since there are usually no safeguards in place for users of free public Wi-Fi networks, anyone else on the same network might potentially monitor your actions. If you aren’t at home or using a password-protected network, you shouldn’t use a credit card.

7. Strong and secure passwords are a must

Hackers may easily guess simple passwords like “Password1” or your own name in a matter of seconds. Password-protecting your online accounts is an essential step to keeping your personal information safe. A longer password makes it more difficult to crack.

A combination of characters (numbers, letters, and symbols) is the most secure password. These passwords are secure, but they are also difficult to remember. Use the initial letters of anything memorable, then add symbols and numbers to form a passphrase to make things simpler.

To avoid having to remember a bunch of different passwords, you may use a password manager.

8. Make safe online payments

PayPal and credit cards are the most secure methods of online payment. PayPal adds a layer of security since it lets you shop without giving the online vendor access to your financial information. When you choose to pay using PayPal, you will be sent directly to PayPal to log in and authorize the purchase. You are swiftly sent back to the online merchant via PayPal to acquire the specifics of your order confirmation.

Secure Online Payment Methods

Verify the site’s authenticity and safety before making any purchases. Always make sure the address begins with “https://” (the “s” stands for “secure”) and the padlock icon is closed before submitting any payment information.

It’s also wise to stick to reputable, well-known websites. Check online reviews if you have doubts about a website. You must also pay attention to factors like the number of reviews (the more, the better) and the recency of the reviews.

Wrapping up

So, now you know the best practices for protecting your privacy while browsing. However, new technologies and trends make online data and identity protection more complicated. For most people, the ideal initial step is straightforward: use your common sense. Having technological security measures in place is also a good idea.

The good news is that there are also modern resources readily available that weren’t present when the internet was first developing. VPNs, encrypted chat applications, private browsing, and always-improving antivirus software help us battle malicious actors. 

There are several simple and effective methods for enhancing the security of your online presence. For example, you can enable two-factor authentication, keep your software up-to-date, etc.

What Is ChatGPT

       Why Is Everyone Talking About ChatGPT?

The chatbot designed to take things to the next level has arrived. It can understand a considerable percentage of your natural language and carry on discussions with you, answering many questions you might have. ChatGPT’s fast climb to popularity may be attributed in part to the fact that users on social media have been exhibiting the tool’s versatility throughout the past few weeks.

It reached a hallmark that other social networking sites like Meta took 10 months and streaming platforms like Netflix took three years to achieve. The reason for this is that it attracted over a million new members in only five days. OpenAI, an artificial intelligence (AI) research startup backed by Microsoft and Elon Musk, developed the chatbot system. It uses its GPT3 (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 3) language model, which enables humans to have natural-sounding conversations with computers on almost any subject.

Among the most advanced language processing models yet created, it can reply in many ways, even by switching between different languages. For its training, it was given access to a massive dataset.

What are Chatbots
The Definition of Chatbots

What is ChatGPT exactly?

ChatGPT was developed by OpenAI, a company that focuses on the research and advancement of artificial intelligence. There are a plethora of uses for it, such as

  • Answering questions
  • The process of debugging and fixing the code
  • Interlingual translation
  • Producing text summaries
  • For logical inferences 
  • Text writing
  • Making suggestions
  • Classifying things
  • Explaining how something works, such as a code block

Simply put, it can do a lot of different things that can simplify daily life for a large number of people.

As the most recent member of the GPT family of autoregressive language models, the chatbot created using the GPT-3 model is now in its beta testing phase. It has been called a “Google alternative” since it can do many of the same functions that Google does for its customers. That’s why we’re using these words to describe it. It can also perform other things, including creating content for websites and answering client questions.

How does it work?

First, let’s look at what chatbots are. By simulating human conversation and responding to predetermined triggers and algorithms, chatbots can do tiresome, repetitive tasks. A chatbot or voice assistant is a computer program that can carry on a conversation in place of a human user in a mobile or web app by simulating human speech and typing.

What Is the Process Behind an AI Chatbot?
What Is the Process Behind an AI Chatbot?

So, how does ChatGPT work? ChatGPT is taught using a large online knowledge library, similar to other artificial intelligence components. There are different methods of learning. The way that ChatGPT was trained (the process in which the model learns) is one (actually two) of the many different techniques belonging to two broader categories of learning called supervised learning and reinforcement learning. Using its conversational interface, it can answer follow-up questions, refuse some requests, and determine when it has malfunctioned or made a mistake (but this is not possible for all the cases.). 

Given the increasing use of chatbots for activities like customer service, these features may not seem particularly remarkable. Differentiating features include the fact that most chatbots only deliver a small set of pre-programmed, repetitive replies. Conversely, ChatGPT can respond to a query in real-time and change itself throughout a conversation as a human would.

Is there anything we’re missing in our understanding of Chat GPT?

The application’s ability to provide information and reply to questions in a way resembling a normal conversation is a direct result of its training using machine learning. Because of this, the model has a lot of practical value.

1. Techniques employed

In games like chess, go, poker, and Atari games, in particular, the results of using these methods have been nothing short of astonishing. However, in a discussion, there are no set rules or rewards, making human participation crucial.

This result was attained by first asking a model a question, then using a subset of its replies as an example, and then letting a human rate them. And the learning pipeline also includes utilizing these positions to train a reward model. A language model that has been trained using reinforcement learning to answer questions is going to be used to further improve the reward model’s output.

In the realm of more specialty games like poker, chess, go, and Atari games, the results of using these techniques have been particularly amazing. The participation of humans is necessary for this situation since a dialogue does not have constraints as we do in those games. The game contains fixed rules and rewards, regardless of any player’s actions. The method used to do this was asking the model a question, selecting some of the results it returned, and then assigning a value (called the cost which measures the error it has made) to each result.

This fed-back data was then fed into the reward model’s training procedure. By optimizing the output of the reward model, reinforcement learning has been used to teach a more complex language model how to respond to questions.

2. Open source, free to use, and based on the GPT-3.5 language model

On November 30, the public was given access to the OpenAI chatbot, which is powered by ChatGPT-3.5. For its language processing, ChatGPT employs OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 model. The extensive text data used to train the sophisticated machine learning model was collected from a wide range of sources.

3. Reacts to whatever is stated or done

Computers that can “have a conversation” with a person are called “conversational agents.” ChatGPT, as described in OpenAI’s conversation model documentation, is capable of processing any kind of text, from conceptual essays to mathematical solutions to fiction. It can also address follow-up questions, and the company claims it can admit fault when it messes up. But remember that this claim is about the data not being available in the dataset it was trained on and not about being unable to interpret something.

4. Conversational communication

Distributing GPT-3 in the past has caused several issues for businesses. Because it could not generate new information on its own, the model failed to satisfactorily address many of the questions posed to it. When using a model, it is not uncommon for users to need to tweak the prompt or the content supplied to the AI to get the desired response.

In any event, having the model prompt instead of you would be ideal. If the model is having trouble understanding your inquiry, it should ask you to restate it in a way that it can understand rather than try to force you to change the meaning of your query. Therefore, this product, together with Chat GPT, is the current center of attention.

5. Modify people’s search engine behavior

If search engines could provide users with more than simply links to browse through, they would have the potential to utterly transform the way people use them by helping them find answers to complex problems. In addition to being a useful debugging companion, it may fix the problem itself if you ask it a question.

ChatGPT Benefits for Customers
ChatGPT Benefits for Customers

Tips and tricks for maximizing your ChatGPT-3 experience

Here is a set of recommendations and guidelines for working with this chatbot based on ChatGPT-3:

  • IChatGPT-3 extrapolates patterns from data.
  • The same questions will be asked again and again by different people. Chat GPT-3 can automatically create replies that are both timely and accurate.
  • Use it to learn new things and then test them out.
  • Utilization of ChatGPT-3, which enables the creation of complicated conversations consisting of many stages, will provide users with a more natural conversational experience.
  • You may make your life much easier by tapping into the power of ChatGPT-3 with the help of these tips and tricks.
  • By providing it with information on a topic, you may train ChatGPT-3 to understand and respond to questions on that topic. Improved results and more precise responses will result from doing so.
  • Integrate with the features and functionality offered by other services.
  • To make tasks like scheduling appointments or making payments more streamlined, ChatGPT-3 may be integrated with third-party services like calendars, payment processors, and databases. However, remember that there is a privacy concern over this though, similar to the concern with Google Duplex.
  • Have meaningful, in-depth discussions.

Wrapping up

OpenAI published ChatGPT, an AI chatbot system, in November to demonstrate and evaluate the capabilities of a large-scale, sophisticated language model. You may ask him any number of questions, and he will usually provide a beneficial answer.

software-762486_1920-1

Software QA for a Small Organization

Quality assurance is a crucial process in software development that can never be ignored or concern as a peripheral task. But in many small-scale organizations, QA doesn’t treat as a significant function in the development process. There may be excusable causes like a limited number of human and physical resources, financial constraints, subjected to unrealistic deadlines, paucity of experienced experts, etc. What are the consequences that may be occurred if not follow an applicable quality assurance plan? Well, the reputation of your start-up or small-scale company might be ended up in a nightmare! or valuable clients will compel to drop out of your service, then find new development teams. To emerge as an unblemished software service provider you have to allocate an adequate budget for QA activities. 

What if outsourcing? Mmm…can you outsource all the QA activities? Simply you can outsource some of the testing activities! Thereafter the company missing all the resources and experience that can be gained by doing the testing themselves. Sometimes you have to hand over the testing to a third-party organization or certified firm when it needs specialized testing services like penetration testing! But before that, your firm has to finalize the functional testing as well as essential non-functional testing on your own. Usually, a company is outsourcing the processes which don’t belong to their main business activity. If you’re are a software development firm and trying to outsource QA / Testing activities, then you must be misleading. Especially if you are a small-scale one! 

It is not practical and be worth performing all of the quality assurance activities for a project, instead should select the appropriate tasks which may suitable for it. 

Android and IOS Application Quality Assurance at Treinetic

1. Shut the Stable Door BEFORE the Horse Escape (Defect Prevention):

It needs some expertise in various technologies and previous experience on similar projects. It is costly to remove the defects that can be found in the later stages in the SDLC than identifying them and recovering in pre-stages. Identify or guess the issues and take necessary actions to prevent those before the occurrence is an excellent practice in software quality assurance. Small firms do not maintain proper documentation due to the lack of human resources. Even though it doesn’t need to maintain heavy, ISO standard documents, it is better to maintain at least the following documents in the requirements stage to avoid the requirement mismatches later on. 

A. Requirement Clarity Index (RCI) – Express the requirements in detail, Indicate the understandable percentage.

B. Requirement Traceability Matrix – Trace the system requirements with test cases. This will ensure 100% test coverage & indicates the requirement missing.

I emphasize maintaining at least above mentioned 2 documents within the lifecycle to avoid the inconveniences (not only the defects) that may be occurred in later.

2. Double Check to Avoid Mistakes (Reviews):

QA Engineer or corresponding Developer has to REVIEW all the design documents against the client requirements. Because of the limited number of human resources, this may appear as a time-consuming task from the point of view of existing team members. It should not hold multiple hours of formal meetings for these reviews. Instead, QAE or Lead Developer may conduct an informal meeting with the stakeholders. It is better to rectify the issues at the same time if those can be resolved instantly. 

A. Review the high-level architectural design document/s, diagrams.

B. Review the data design documents (ex: ERD)

C. Review the object-oriented design diagrams (ex: Class, Sequence, State Transition)

These documents must be kept in a secured repository that is related to the project as well as pointed out in the traceability matrix document. Maintaining proper documentation is mandatory from the quality assurance perspective. Since the company is a small one, these documents might not comply with the ISO standards which can be a tolerable thing. 

3. Prevent While Batting (Code Reviews, Best Practices, TDD):

Software Quality Assurance in Treinetic

This is another compulsory task that is missed by a lot of small organizations due to the lack of time & resources. Code reviews will expose the errors that may cause faults in the later stages. A lot of them may be found in the testing stage as bugs/issues, but still could have been prevented, if done with the proper reviews.

Simple examples: 

A. Expected / Actual results mismatching in the boundary values, sometimes equivalent parts as well. These could be easily detected while doing the code reviews instead of letting them find in the functional testing.

B. Issues in the SQL statements, especially in the update queries when changing the values in the database tables.

C. Calculations issues, especially in the reports or in the formulas

D. Authorization issues after the authentication happen

E. Data validation issues

Code review meetings shall be conducted at least once a month for each project to check whether all are following the coding compliances. If found any mismatches or weaknesses in the source code they must be rectified by the developers at least before the next review meeting. Although it takes more time, it is better to encourage the developers to consider the system’s maintainability when they are doing the coding.

4. Exploratory Testing

Exploratory testing is an experienced-based testing technique which mostly used in Agile environments where test design and test execution happen simultaneously. Testers use their intuition on testing to explore the system at the testing stage instead of following pre-defined test cases. Yes, it needs experienced and responsible resources to do this since it’s more tends to follow the extraordinary scenarios and find the bugs within the system under test. This is more suitable when the requirements are being changed rapidly or the clear requirements are not available. Also, the testing time is very limited within the given sprint/iteration that forces to test quickly.

It is the responsibility of the QAE to collaboratively work with the developers when designing test cases. It may expose the issues that may be occurred in the production and allow developers to take necessary precautions. 

5. Defect Tracking and Defect Reviewing

Using a defect tracking tool is compulsory even if your team has 3,4 people. Also, everyone in the team must have the access to them. Although the main purpose of these tools is to track the issues with the necessary information, these can be used to reduce the defects in the forthcoming development iterations. Not all the issues, at least critical issues must be reviewed by the developers & testers, then take necessary steps to not to happen similar issues in the future iterations or the projects.

For an instance, if found a Manufacturer based or OS-based issue in a mobile app, better to list the issue in a checklist and make use of that checklist for future developments. Don’t let the testers detect it again!!! 

6. Finally, the Mindset of all

Company ownership should cultivate a ‘Quality Mindedness’ among all the team members from their appointment date, thereby convincing them to develop a quality product over a simply working product. Monitor the SDLC and bring forth a ‘Bug-Free’ product is not only a responsibility of the QA people but the developers as well. 

One good practice is pair programming where one developer is coding and a peer is reviewing, then exchange their roles. Trainees or junior developers should guide to inspect the source code that was written by the senior developers and make use of their good methodologies.

Well, don’t forget “Quality means doing it right when no one is looking” – Henry Ford

At Treinetic we follow a rigorous QA process to make sure all the products that we engineer are up to the best quality. Reach us today, and let’s discuss how we can help you to make a quality product by realizing your concept

eSwabhimani 2020 | Examiner won an award

Treinetic Secured Two Prestigious Awards at eSwabhimani 2020

Displaying signs of a promising future, Treinetic (Pvt) Ltd, an innovative Sri Lankan software product engineering company, won two awards at the eSwabhimani 2020 organized by the Information & Communication Technology Agency of Sri Lanka.

Each year ICTA organizes this prestigious awards ceremony to recognize excellence in digital application creation that would serve society’s needs.

Treinetic CEO Mr Imal Perera and Director Gihan Wijesinghe Receiving the Awards

The company secured two merit awards; one for their own product, “Examiner” for the Learning & Education category, and the other is for another product known as “Poth” for the Digital Entertainment category.  Mr. Imal Perera, CEO, and Mr. Gihan Wijesinghe, Director, received the awards on behalf of the company.

Examiner is a mobile application that is specifically designed to uplift the knowledge of A/L and O/L students. It was so popular that more than 10,000 students joined with Examiner during last year’s Covid-19 pandemic to prepare themselves better for the examinations.

“We all know with the pandemic large number of corporates went digital, by doing that most of them reduced their losses and some made large profits, with our technical expertise 100 years old, yet innovative publication giant M.D Gunaseana found a new venue in the publishing industry with their product “Gurulugomi”. what I believe is that only the companies with a good digital strategy will survive in the coming years, so I invite all of the corporates to join hands with us and let us empower your organization with technology.” Mr Imal Perera, CEO of Treinetic said. 

Treinetic is an award-winning software product engineering company serving both local and foreign clients since 2014. They await new opportunities to contribute to the market and society.

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